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Ian Pretyman Stevenson (October 31, 1918 – February 8, 2007) was a Canadian-born U.S. psychiatrist. He worked for the University of Virginia School of Medicine for fifty years, as chair of the department of psychiatry from 1957 to 1967, Carlson Professor of Psychiatry from 1967 to 2001, and Research Professor of Psychiatry from 2002 until his death.〔(Kelly 2007 ). *, University of Virginia School of Medicine.〕 As founder and director of the university's Division of Perceptual Studies, which investigates the paranormal, Stevenson became known internationally for his research into reincarnation, the idea that emotions, memories, and even physical injuries in the form of birth-marks, can be transferred from one life to another.〔(Hopkins Tanne (''British Medical Journal'') ), April 2, 2007.〕 He traveled extensively over a period of forty years, investigating three thousand cases of children around the world who claimed to remember past lives.〔Woodhouse 1996, (pp. 143–144 ). *Bache 2000, (p. 34ff ). *Also see , February 12, 2007.〕 His position was that certain phobias, philias, unusual abilities and illnesses could not be explained by heredity or the environment. He believed that soul transfer, commonly referred to as reincarnation, provided a third type of explanation. Stevenson helped to found the Society for Scientific Exploration in 1982, and was the author of around three hundred papers and fourteen books on reincarnation, including ''Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation'' (1966) and ''European Cases of the Reincarnation Type'' (2003). His major work was the 2,268-page, two-volume ''Reincarnation and Biology: A Contribution to the Etiology of Birthmarks and Birth Defects'' (1997). This reported two hundred cases of birth-marks that, he believed, corresponded with a wound on the deceased person whose life the child recalled. He wrote a shorter version of the same research for the general reader, ''Where Reincarnation and Biology Intersect'' (1997).〔For his having been on the founding committee of the Society for Scientific Exploration, see , p. 19.〕 Reaction to his work was mixed. In his ''New York Times'' obituary, Margalit Fox wrote that Stevenson's supporters saw him as a misunderstood genius, but that most scientists had simply ignored his research, regarding him as earnest but gullible.〔(Fox (''The New York Times'') ), February 18, 2007.〕 His life and work became the subject of two supportive books, ''Old Souls'' (1999) by Tom Shroder, a ''Washington Post'' journalist, and ''Life Before Life'' (2005) by Jim B. Tucker, a psychiatrist and colleague at the University of Virginia. Critics, particularly the philosophers C.T.K. Chari (1909–1993) and Paul Edwards (1923–2004), raised a number of issues, including that the children or parents interviewed by Stevenson had deceived him, that he had asked them leading questions, that he had often worked through translators who believed what the interviewees were saying, and that his conclusions were undermined by confirmation bias, where cases not supportive of his hypothesis were not presented as counting against it.〔(Carroll 2009 ).〕 ==Background== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ian Stevenson」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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